Thomas Willing (1731–1821)
Thomas Willing, brother of Elizabeth Willing Powel, was born in Philadelphia on 19 December 1731. Educated in England, he returned to his hometown in 1749 to work at the family counting-house. Willing also formed a mercantile partnership with Robert Morris that helped make him one of the wealthiest men in America.
"Thomas Willing." Dictionary of American Biography, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1936. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/BT2310000526/UHIC?u=viva_uva&sid=bookmark-UHIC&xid=d24494a8. Accessed 18 Dec. 2023.
"To James Madison from Thomas Willing and Others, 1 July 1806 (Abstract)," Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/02-12-02-0134. [Original source: The Papers of James Madison, Secretary of State Series, vol. 12, 1 June 1806–31 October 1806, ed. Angela Kreider, J. C. A. Stagg, Mary Parke Johnson, Anne Mandeville Colony, and Katherine E. Harbury. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2021, p. 81.]
Robert E. Wright, "Thomas Willing (1731–1821): Philadelphia Financier and Forgotten Founding Father," Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies, Volume 63, Number 4 (Autumn 1996), 525–60.
Thomas Willing at Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
Thomas Willing at Find a Grave.
Thomas Willing at FamilySearch.